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सफलता सिर्फ कड़ी मेहनत से नहीं, सही मार्गदर्शन से मिलती है। हमारे सभी विषयों के कम्पलीट नोट्स, G.K. बेसिक कोर्स, और करियर गाइडेंस बुक के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक पर क्लिक करें।

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History Decoded: Your Daily MCQ Battle

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History Decoded: Your Daily MCQ Battle

Welcome, history enthusiasts, to your daily deep dive into the annals of time! Are you ready to voyage from the ancient civilizations to the modern revolutions, testing the breadth and depth of your historical acumen? This meticulously crafted set of 25 multiple-choice questions is designed to challenge your memory and understanding, pushing you closer to mastering the past for your competitive exams. Sharpen your mind, for the battle of history begins now!

History Practice Questions

Instructions: Attempt the following 25 questions and analyze your understanding with the detailed explanations provided.

Question 1: Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization sites is known for not having a citadel?

  1. Harappa
  2. Mohenjo-daro
  3. Lothal
  4. Chanhudaro

Answer: (D)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Chanhudaro, located in Sindh, Pakistan, is the only Indus city found without a citadel. It was primarily a centre for bead-making, shell-making, and metal-working.
  • Context & Elaboration: Most mature Harappan cities were divided into a citadel (western, smaller, higher, housing public buildings and administrative structures) and a lower town (eastern, larger, lower, where common people lived). This distinction is absent in Chanhudaro, suggesting a different urban organizational pattern, possibly more focused on industrial activities.
  • Incorrect Options: Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and Lothal all had distinct citadel areas, which were characteristic features of major Indus Valley cities.

Question 2: The ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ was a policy introduced by which Governor-General of India?

  1. Lord William Bentinck
  2. Lord Dalhousie
  3. Lord Curzon
  4. Lord Canning

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ was an annexation policy famously applied by Lord Dalhousie, who served as the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
  • Context & Elaboration: According to this doctrine, any princely state under the direct influence of the British East India Company would be annexed if the ruler died without a natural heir. The Company would then refuse to sanction an adopted son as the successor. States like Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1849), Jhansi (1853), and Nagpur (1854) were annexed under this controversial policy, which contributed significantly to the discontent leading to the Revolt of 1857.
  • Incorrect Options: Lord William Bentinck is known for social reforms like the abolition of Sati. Lord Curzon is associated with the Partition of Bengal (1905). Lord Canning was the Governor-General during the Revolt of 1857 and later became the first Viceroy of India.

Question 3: Which foreign traveler extensively described the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Deva Raya II?

  1. Nicolo de Conti
  2. Abdur Razzaq
  3. Domingo Paes
  4. Fernao Nuniz

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Abdur Razzaq, a Persian ambassador to the court of Calicut, visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Deva Raya II (1422-1446 CE) in 1442-1443 CE. His accounts provide detailed and invaluable insights into the empire’s administration, wealth, and grandeur.
  • Context & Elaboration: Razzaq’s travelogue, ‘Matla-us-Saadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain,’ portrays Vijayanagara as one of the most magnificent and powerful cities he had ever seen, highlighting its massive fortifications, bustling markets, and prosperous economy.
  • Incorrect Options: Nicolo de Conti was an Italian merchant who visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Deva Raya I (1420 CE). Domingo Paes and Fernao Nuniz were Portuguese travelers who visited during the reign of Krishnadevaraya in the early 16th century, much later than Deva Raya II.

Question 4: The work “The Spirit of the Laws” advocating for the separation of powers was written by:

  1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  2. Voltaire
  3. Baron de Montesquieu
  4. John Locke

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Baron de Montesquieu, a French Enlightenment philosopher, published “The Spirit of the Laws” (De l’esprit des lois) in 1748. This seminal work proposed the theory of separation of powers – dividing governmental authority into legislative, executive, and judicial branches – to prevent tyranny and ensure liberty.
  • Context & Elaboration: Montesquieu argued that each branch should have distinct responsibilities and checks and balances over the others. This idea profoundly influenced the drafting of the United States Constitution and many other democratic constitutions worldwide.
  • Incorrect Options: Jean-Jacques Rousseau is known for “The Social Contract” and ideas on popular sovereignty. Voltaire was a prominent advocate for civil liberties and freedom of speech. John Locke, an English philosopher, developed theories on natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and the social contract, influencing the Enlightenment.

Question 5: Who is considered the first Tirthankara of Jainism?

  1. Mahavira
  2. Parshvanatha
  3. Rishabhanatha
  4. Ajitanatha

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Rishabhanatha (also known as Adinatha) is traditionally recognized as the first of the 24 Tirthankaras of Jainism. He is considered the founder of the spiritual lineage of Jainism.
  • Context & Elaboration: While Rishabhanatha is the first, Mahavira (Vardhamana) is the 24th and last Tirthankara, and is often regarded as the historical founder of Jainism in its present form, as he systematized and revitalized its doctrines in the 6th century BCE. The concept of Tirthankaras is central to Jain philosophy, representing spiritual teachers who achieved omniscience and provided a spiritual path.
  • Incorrect Options: Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara. Parshvanatha was the 23rd Tirthankara, who preached about 250 years before Mahavira. Ajitanatha was the second Tirthankara.

Question 6: The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by:

  1. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
  2. Swami Vivekananda
  3. Dayananda Saraswati
  4. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897.
  • Context & Elaboration: Swami Vivekananda, a direct disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, established the Mission to propagate the teachings of his guru and to carry out philanthropic and charitable activities based on the principle of ‘service to God in man’ (seva). The Mission emphasizes spiritual development, education, cultural activities, healthcare, and relief work, embodying a blend of spiritual and social service.
  • Incorrect Options: Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was the spiritual preceptor of Swami Vivekananda, but he did not found the Mission. Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a prominent social reformer known for his efforts in widow remarriage and women’s education.

Question 7: The Battle of Chandawar in 1194 CE was fought between Muhammad Ghori and which Indian ruler?

  1. Prithviraj Chauhan
  2. Jayachandra of Kannauj
  3. Raja Jaipal
  4. Anangpal Tomar

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Battle of Chandawar was fought in 1194 CE between Muhammad Ghori and Jayachandra (also known as Jaichand), the Gahadavala king of Kannauj.
  • Context & Elaboration: This battle was a significant victory for Muhammad Ghori, coming two years after his decisive victory over Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 CE). The defeat and death of Jayachandra opened the Gangetic plains to Turkish rule and significantly weakened the Rajput resistance, paving the way for the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.
  • Incorrect Options: Prithviraj Chauhan fought against Muhammad Ghori in the First (1191 CE) and Second (1192 CE) Battles of Tarain. Raja Jaipal was a ruler of the Hindu Shahi dynasty who resisted Mahmud of Ghazni, not Muhammad Ghori. Anangpal Tomar was an early ruler associated with Delhi’s foundation, preceding Ghori’s invasions.

Question 8: Who authored the influential economic treatise “Das Kapital”?

  1. Friedrich Engels
  2. Vladimir Lenin
  3. Karl Marx
  4. Adam Smith

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: “Das Kapital” (Capital: A Critique of Political Economy) is a foundational theoretical text in communist philosophy, written by Karl Marx. The first volume was published in 1867, with the subsequent volumes edited and published posthumously by Friedrich Engels.
  • Context & Elaboration: In “Das Kapital,” Marx critically analyzes capitalism, focusing on its historical development, economic dynamics, and inherent contradictions. He introduces key concepts like surplus value, commodity fetishism, and historical materialism, arguing that capitalism would inevitably lead to its own downfall and be replaced by communism.
  • Incorrect Options: Friedrich Engels was Marx’s lifelong collaborator and helped complete “Das Kapital,” but Marx was the primary author. Vladimir Lenin was a key figure in the Russian Revolution and a proponent of Marxist theory, but not the author of “Das Kapital.” Adam Smith is considered the father of modern economics and authored “The Wealth of Nations,” advocating for free markets.

Question 9: Which Gupta ruler was known as the ‘Indian Napoleon’ for his military achievements?

  1. Chandragupta I
  2. Samudragupta
  3. Chandragupta II
  4. Kumaragupta I

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Samudragupta (c. 335–375 CE) is often referred to as the ‘Indian Napoleon’ by historian Vincent A. Smith due to his extensive military conquests and expansion of the Gupta Empire across the Indian subcontinent.
  • Context & Elaboration: His military campaigns are famously documented in the Allahabad Pillar Inscription (also known as Prayaga Prashasti), composed by his court poet Harishena. This inscription details his victories over numerous kings of Aryavarta (northern India) and Dakshinapatha (southern India), bringing a vast territory under Gupta influence. He was also a patron of arts and learning and was known as ‘Kaviraja’ (king of poets).
  • Incorrect Options: Chandragupta I was the founder of the Gupta Empire. Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) was Samudragupta’s son and expanded the empire further, particularly known for his cultural achievements and the ‘Nine Gems’ at his court. Kumaragupta I was Samudragupta’s grandson and founded the famous Nalanda University.

Question 10: The Permanent Settlement of 1793 was introduced by which Governor-General of Bengal?

  1. Lord William Bentinck
  2. Lord Hastings
  3. Lord Cornwallis
  4. Lord Wellesley

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Permanent Settlement of land revenue was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
  • Context & Elaboration: Under this system, the Zamindars (landlords) were recognized as the permanent owners of the land and were responsible for collecting land revenue from the peasants and paying a fixed amount to the Company. The system aimed to ensure a stable revenue for the British and create a loyal class of landlords, but it led to the exploitation of peasants and the decline of traditional village communities.
  • Incorrect Options: Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati and suppressed Thuggee. Lord Hastings (different from Warren Hastings) oversaw the expansion of British paramountcy. Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system.

Question 11: The famous book “Kitab-ul-Hind” was written by:

  1. Amir Khusrau
  2. Ibn Battuta
  3. Al-Biruni
  4. Malik Muhammad Jayasi

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: “Kitab-ul-Hind” (also known as “Tahqiq-i-Hind”) was written by Al-Biruni, a Persian scholar who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni on his invasions of India in the 11th century.
  • Context & Elaboration: This monumental work is a comprehensive study of Indian society, culture, science, religion, philosophy, and history as observed by Al-Biruni. It is highly valued for its objective and insightful descriptions of India during that period, providing a unique non-Indian perspective on Hindu society, its customs, and sciences.
  • Incorrect Options: Amir Khusrau was a famous poet and musician in the Delhi Sultanate period, especially during Alauddin Khalji’s reign. Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan traveler who visited India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Malik Muhammad Jayasi was a Sufi poet who wrote “Padmavat.”

Question 12: The French Revolution began in which year?

  1. 1776
  2. 1789
  3. 1799
  4. 1815

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The French Revolution officially began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789.
  • Context & Elaboration: This revolution marked a turning point in European history, leading to the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. It introduced new ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which profoundly influenced political thought and movements across the globe.
  • Incorrect Options: 1776 marks the American Declaration of Independence. 1799 marks the Coup of 18 Brumaire, which brought Napoleon to power, effectively ending the revolutionary period. 1815 is the year of the Battle of Waterloo and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 13: One of the major impacts of Vedic culture on Indian history was the:

  1. Development of scientific temperament
  2. Rise of Buddhism and Jainism
  3. Consolidation of the caste system
  4. Promotion of maritime trade

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: While the Vedic period laid foundations for various aspects of Indian society, one of its most profound and lasting impacts was the formalization and consolidation of the Varna system (which evolved into the caste system). The Rig Veda mentions the four varnas (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra), and subsequent Vedic texts elaborate on their roles and hierarchies.
  • Context & Elaboration: The social hierarchy became more rigid during the later Vedic period, with birth determining one’s varna, leading to a highly stratified society. This system, with its inherent inequalities, became a dominant feature of Indian social structure for centuries.
  • Incorrect Options: While some early scientific observations might have occurred, the Vedic period wasn’t primarily known for the development of a scientific temperament in the modern sense. The rise of Buddhism and Jainism (Option B) was, in part, a reaction *against* the rigidities and rituals of the later Vedic period, not a direct *impact* of it in terms of positive contribution. Promotion of maritime trade (Option D) was more characteristic of the Harappan civilization or later periods like the Mauryan and Gupta, not a primary feature of the early or later Vedic pastoral/agrarian societies.

Question 14: The Swadeshi Movement was launched in India in response to which major event?

  1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  2. Partition of Bengal
  3. Simon Commission’s arrival
  4. Rowlatt Act

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908) was a direct reaction to Lord Curzon’s decision to partition Bengal in 1905.
  • Context & Elaboration: The British government’s stated reason for partition was administrative convenience, but Indian nationalists saw it as a deliberate attempt to divide the Hindu and Muslim populations of Bengal and weaken the nationalist movement. The Swadeshi movement called for boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous products, along with national education and passive resistance, making it a significant phase in India’s struggle for independence.
  • Incorrect Options: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919) led to widespread condemnation and fueled the Non-Cooperation Movement. The Simon Commission’s arrival (1928) led to protests and the ‘Go Back Simon’ slogan. The Rowlatt Act (1919) was a draconian law that sparked nationwide protests and civil disobedience.

Question 15: Mughal painting reached its zenith during the reign of which emperor?

  1. Akbar
  2. Jahangir
  3. Shah Jahan
  4. Aurangzeb

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Mughal painting reached its peak and displayed its finest artistry during the reign of Emperor Jahangir (1605-1627 CE).
  • Context & Elaboration: Jahangir had a keen interest in naturalism and portraiture. He was a great connoisseur of art and maintained a highly organized atelier, even claiming to be able to identify the individual brushstrokes of different artists in a single painting. During his time, European influence became more pronounced, and individual portraits, studies of birds and animals, and allegorical scenes became highly refined.
  • Incorrect Options: Akbar (1556-1605 CE) laid the foundation for Mughal painting by establishing a large imperial workshop and encouraging a fusion of Persian and Indian styles. Shah Jahan (1628-1658 CE) focused more on architecture, though painting continued, often with a more formal and static style. Aurangzeb (1658-1707 CE) was less interested in the arts, leading to a decline in imperial patronage for painting.

Question 16: The “Blood and Iron” policy, advocating for military strength and industrial development to achieve national unity, is associated with:

  1. Napoleon Bonaparte
  2. Otto von Bismarck
  3. Camillo Cavour
  4. Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian Minister-President (and later the first Chancellor of the German Empire), is famously associated with the “Blood and Iron” policy. He articulated this philosophy in a speech in 1862.
  • Context & Elaboration: This policy emphasized that the unification of Germany would not be achieved through liberal speeches and resolutions but through military force (“blood”) and industrial capacity (“iron”). Bismarck orchestrated a series of wars (Danish War, Austro-Prussian War, Franco-Prussian War) that successfully unified the various German states under Prussian leadership, culminating in the formation of the German Empire in 1871.
  • Incorrect Options: Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to power during the French Revolution. Camillo Cavour was a key figure in the unification of Italy, primarily through diplomacy and alliance with France. Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general and nationalist who played a crucial role in the military campaigns for Italian unification.

Question 17: After the Kalinga War, which Mauryan ruler adopted Buddhism?

  1. Chandragupta Maurya
  2. Bindusara
  3. Ashoka
  4. Brihadratha

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Emperor Ashoka, after witnessing the immense suffering and destruction caused by the Kalinga War (around 261 BCE), experienced a profound change of heart and converted to Buddhism.
  • Context & Elaboration: The Kalinga War was a pivotal event in Ashoka’s life, as described in his rock edicts (especially Rock Edict XIII). Overwhelmed by remorse, he renounced military conquest (Digvijaya) in favor of cultural conquest (Dhammavijaya), dedicating his life to spreading the principles of Dhamma (righteousness, compassion, non-violence) throughout his empire and beyond. He became a zealous patron of Buddhism, sending missionaries and constructing stupas and viharas.
  • Incorrect Options: Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and later embraced Jainism. Bindusara was Ashoka’s father and a follower of the Ajivika sect. Brihadratha was the last Mauryan emperor.

Question 18: Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885?

  1. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. W.C. Bonnerjee
  3. Surendranath Banerjee
  4. A.O. Hume

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (W.C. Bonnerjee), a prominent barrister from Calcutta, presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress, held in Bombay (now Mumbai) from December 28-31, 1885.
  • Context & Elaboration: The Indian National Congress was founded by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, with the aim of creating a platform for civil and political dialogue among educated Indians and to voice their grievances to the British government. The first session was attended by 72 delegates from various parts of India.
  • Incorrect Options: Dadabhai Naoroji was a key figure and served as president multiple times, notably in 1886, 1893, and 1906. Surendranath Banerjee was a prominent leader but did not attend the first session as he was involved with the Indian National Conference, which later merged with the Congress. A.O. Hume was the founder but never presided over a session.

Question 19: The ‘Dahsala’ system of land revenue was introduced during the reign of which Mughal emperor?

  1. Humayun
  2. Akbar
  3. Jahangir
  4. Shah Jahan

Answer: (B)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The ‘Dahsala’ or ‘Ain-i-Dahsala’ system was introduced during the reign of Emperor Akbar, in 1580 CE.
  • Context & Elaboration: This system was devised by Akbar’s finance minister, Raja Todar Mal. It was an improved system of revenue assessment based on the average produce of different crops and their prices over the past ten years. This calculation aimed to provide a stable and predictable revenue for the state while ensuring a fairer assessment for the peasants, moving away from previous ad-hoc assessments.
  • Incorrect Options: Humayun was Akbar’s father, and his reign was marked by instability, preventing such a comprehensive reform. Jahangir and Shah Jahan ruled after Akbar and largely continued his administrative systems, but the ‘Dahsala’ was Akbar’s innovation.

Question 20: Which major international conflict was officially ended by the Treaty of Versailles?

  1. Franco-Prussian War
  2. Crimean War
  3. World War I
  4. World War II

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, officially ending World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany.
  • Context & Elaboration: The treaty imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany, demilitarized the Rhineland, and established the League of Nations. Many historians argue that its punitive terms contributed to resentment in Germany, which indirectly played a role in the rise of Nazism and the outbreak of World War II.
  • Incorrect Options: The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) was ended by the Treaty of Frankfurt. The Crimean War (1853-1856) was ended by the Treaty of Paris. World War II (1939-1945) ended with the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers; there was no single overarching peace treaty like Versailles.

Question 21: The famous ancient Indian physician ‘Charaka’ was a contemporary of which king?

  1. Bimbisara
  2. Ashoka
  3. Kanishka
  4. Samudragupta

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Charaka, renowned for his medical treatise ‘Charaka Samhita,’ is believed to have been the court physician of the Kushan emperor Kanishka, who ruled in the 1st or 2nd century CE.
  • Context & Elaboration: The ‘Charaka Samhita’ is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine. It deals with various aspects of health, disease, diagnosis, and treatment, emphasizing a holistic approach to well-being. Kanishka was a great patron of arts, literature, and Buddhism, and his court attracted many scholars and intellectuals, including Charaka.
  • Incorrect Options: Bimbisara was a king of Magadha from the Haryanka dynasty, contemporary with Buddha. Ashoka was a Mauryan emperor (3rd century BCE). Samudragupta was a Gupta emperor (4th century CE). These rulers belong to different periods, making them anachronistic for Charaka.

Question 22: Mahatma Gandhi made his first major public appearance in India at which event?

  1. Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
  2. Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
  3. Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
  4. Inauguration of Banaras Hindu University (1916)

Answer: (D)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: While Champaran was Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India, his first major public speech and appearance after returning from South Africa was at the inauguration of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in February 1916.
  • Context & Elaboration: During this speech, Gandhi boldly criticized the elitist nature of the Indian leadership and the widespread poverty of the masses, advocating for a focus on the common people. This speech marked his entry onto the national political stage in India and set the tone for his future involvement in mass movements.
  • Incorrect Options: The Champaran, Ahmedabad Mill, and Kheda Satyagrahas (all 1917-1918) were Gandhi’s first major interventions using the method of Satyagraha in India, but they occurred after his BHU speech.

Question 23: Which Delhi Sultan shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulatabad)?

  1. Iltutmish
  2. Alauddin Khalji
  3. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  4. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: Muhammad bin Tughlaq (reigned 1325-1351 CE) is known for his eccentric and often ill-fated administrative experiments, including the decision to shift his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (which he renamed Daulatabad) in the Deccan region in 1327 CE.
  • Context & Elaboration: His primary motivation was to have a more central capital to effectively control the expanding empire, especially the Deccan and the south. However, the forced mass migration of the population and the subsequent inability to control the northern frontiers led to the failure of this experiment, and the capital was eventually shifted back to Delhi. This move caused immense suffering and logistical nightmares.
  • Incorrect Options: Iltutmish consolidated the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century and made Delhi the capital. Alauddin Khalji was known for his market reforms and military conquests, but he did not shift the capital. Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s successor, focused on public works and restoring stability but did not attempt a capital shift.

Question 24: The Cuban Missile Crisis, a significant event during the Cold War, occurred in which year?

  1. 1950
  2. 1956
  3. 1962
  4. 1968

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Cuban Missile Crisis, a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning Soviet ballistic missiles deployment in Cuba, occurred in October 1962.
  • Context & Elaboration: This event brought the world to the brink of nuclear war, as the US imposed a naval blockade around Cuba. After intense negotiations, the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for a US pledge not to invade Cuba and a secret agreement to remove US missiles from Turkey. It remains one of the most tense moments in human history, highlighting the dangers of the Cold War.
  • Incorrect Options: 1950 marks the beginning of the Korean War. 1956 saw the Suez Crisis and the Hungarian Revolution. 1968 was a year of global unrest, including protests in France, the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia, and assassinations in the US, but not the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 25: Who among the following was a co-founder of the Indian Association, a prominent nationalist organization before the Indian National Congress?

  1. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. Mahadev Govind Ranade
  3. Surendranath Banerjee
  4. Bipin Chandra Pal

Answer: (C)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Correctness: The Indian Association was founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Anandamohan Bose.
  • Context & Elaboration: It was one of the most important pre-Congress nationalist organizations, aiming to create a strong public opinion on political questions and to unite the Indian people on a common political program. It actively campaigned against the reduction of the age limit for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination and the Vernacular Press Act. It eventually merged with the Indian National Congress.
  • Incorrect Options: Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society. Mahadev Govind Ranade was a prominent social reformer and a founding member of the Indian National Congress, but not of the Indian Association. Bipin Chandra Pal was a leader of the extremist faction within the Indian National Congress in the early 20th century.

सफलता सिर्फ कड़ी मेहनत से नहीं, सही मार्गदर्शन से मिलती है। हमारे सभी विषयों के कम्पलीट नोट्स, G.K. बेसिक कोर्स, और करियर गाइडेंस बुक के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक पर क्लिक करें।
[कोर्स और फ्री नोट्स के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें]

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