सामाजिक विघटन की अवधारणा
Every individual in every society has a certain position with certain specific roles attached to it. When each individual satisfactorily performs roles that are linked to his particular position in society, society acquires its organized character. When these roles are disorganized, a sociology becomes disorganized. In this way, people forget their duties due to social disorder, the control of social laws is lost, the balance between different parts of the society is disturbed, social ideals degenerate and the whole social structure moves towards anarchy. She goes. The following definitions of social disorder will further clarify the concept: Elliot and Merrill. “Social disorder is a process of disintegration.” “Social relations relating to society,
When this does not happen, the situation of social disintegration raises its head. That is, in the event of social disintegration, the important constituent parts of the society take care of their duties and deeds, their coordination with each other is disturbed, that is, their own shackles and their own melody. One engages in maximum fulfillment of his personal interests in his own way, as a result, fulfillment of general social needs is not possible. This state of disturbance is called dissolution. But to understand this, the concept of social organization has to be understood first.
The state of social disintegration can be explained by a simple example. Take your college itself, the principal, professor, clerk, accountant, peon, students all come under the college an organization. Each of them has a certain ‘status’ as a member of the college, that is, someone is a principal, a professor, a clerk and a peon or student in the college. With each ‘post’ there is some specific ‘role’ i.e. it is certain that what the principal will do, what is the job of the professor, and what is expected of the clerk, peon or students, most of the members They also do their pre-determined tasks, such as principals do college administration related tasks, professors go to their respective classes and give lectures, clerks do office work,
All of them have to come to the college at a fixed time and also have a fixed time to leave the college. Similarly, there are many other laws and regulations for everyone, which everyone has to follow. Failure to do so gives necessary punishment to the principal. In this way, every work of the college is done properly and it continues to move towards its goal. This is the organization. But remember that all the above members of the college do not fully accept their pre-determined work and post. Some members may be disobedient or dutyless, like some students neither come to college on time nor do they study properly. But as long as most of the members are working according to their respective positions, this position of the organization will remain so. But on the contrary, there may also be a situation that most of the members do not follow the ideals of the principal, Don’t follow the general rules of the college, stop the professors from coming to the class. Or students do not come to class.
Such conduct cannot be allowed on the basis of college rules, tradition etc., but the circumstances are such that necessary control and order cannot be established by implementing the rules of the college. In such a situation, the mutual relations between the principal, professor, clerk, student etc. get broken and uncertainty and disorder arises in the college environment. This is called the state of dissolution. If a college-like situation arises within the social structure, then it is called social disintegration.
Elliott and Merrill have defined social disintegration as, “Social disintegration is the process by which established relations between the members of a group are broken or destroyed. These scholars have said that “Social disintegration occurs when there is a change in the forces that establish equilibrium and the social structure breaks down in such a way that the earlier norms are no longer applicable and the accepted forms of social control do not work effectively. do .
P . NS . In the words of Landis (PH Landis), “Social disintegration is mainly the breakdown of social control which leads to disorder and disturbance.
According to Faris, “Social refers to the breakdown of functional relations among human beings to the extent that it hinders the performance of the agreed functions of the group. You have further written that a society experiences disintegration at that time.” Whereas its various parts lose their integration and are unable to work according to their intended objectives.
Neumeyer has written that “when the unity of the group and the unity of purpose are disturbed, when the equilibrium of the structure is disturbed, and when the functional relations of the society go out of the orderly state, then these states are called disintegration”. just take the moment
social disintegration as a process
Mr. Neumayer has written that “Social disintegration is not merely an unbalanced state. because it is primarily a process. Therefore, it expresses those events and accounts that that hinder the natural functioning of individuals and groups. This statement will become more clear from the following discussion.
When we say that social disintegration is a process, it means that social disintegration is a changing state, not a stable or final stage. There was no time when disintegration would not take place and there would be no such time when its movement would stop – it is a constant change in the medium of activity of the forces already within themselves. Even more clearly it can be said that some such factors or forces are always active in the society itself, due to which 100% balance and order is not seen in the social structure at any time. Due to the functioning of these factors, there is always some disturbance or imbalance in the society or the forces are conflict, excessive competition, division of labour, social discrimination etc.
signs of social disintegration
Symptoms of Social Disorganization Just as by looking at some of the symptoms of physical conditions, it can be told which disease is going to surround the body, thus there are also some symptoms of social conditions, on the basis of which social The state of dissolution can be recognized. Chief among them are the following
Conflict of mores of institutions: In the social structure, stereotypes and institutions have an important place and for social organization it is necessary that they work cooperatively in a mutually related form. When this does not happen, only then a situation of social disintegration arises. For example, church, school, government, marriage etc. are important institutions of the society and each of them is related to some or the other conventions which not only determine the standards and objectives of these institutions but also put them in a single formula. Tie it too. When this thread is broken and the mutual unity of social institutions is destroyed, that stage will be a major symptom of social disintegration.
Transfer of function from one group to another – In every society there are different committees to meet the different needs of human beings. What are the functions to be performed in the social structure of each of these committees. This thing is determined by social tradition, rule or law. The stability of a social organization depends on the fact that each committee is performing its pre-determined functions and does not interfere unnecessarily in each other’s work. But when the situation is opposite, then the symptoms of social disintegration also become clear. The reason for this is also clear, when the work of one committee is transferred to another committee or other committees take away those functions, then a situation of tension arises, which is a symptom of social disintegration. Not only this , The new situation that arises as a result of such transfer of functions, neither the committees nor the members of the society are able to adapt themselves suddenly. As a result, an error situation arises. This is a clear symptom of social disintegration.
Individualistic ideals – When the members of the society are engaged in the fulfillment of their personal interests without any concern for the interest of the group, then the situation of social disintegration does not delay in coming. The reason for this is that when the individualistic ideal manifests itself in its harshest form, there seems to be a race among all the people for the best fulfillment of their own interests and in that race each person is ahead of the other by adopting all the right and unfair measures. tries to leave. When individual self-interest becomes supreme for the members of the society, the collective or common objectives are not fulfilled. Obstacles in the fulfillment of common objectives are a clear symptom of social disintegration. (
Decline of consensus – When most of the members of the society have extreme differences of opinion and they do not put any effort to the common issues of social life, then that situation is a symptom of social disintegration because such situation The meaning is the loss of unity. Without consensus, stability of social organization is not possible. If the members of the society think differently about the topics related to social life, define them differently, then there will be no delay in the situation of tension and conflict in the society.
Lesser effective ness of social control – Various means of social control control the behavior of individuals and groups within a limit in such a way that they do not obstruct the actions of others, but they do not interfere with the actions of others. Keep doing your assigned tasks. But when these means of control fail to do the work of control effectively, then social disintegration is certain, because at that stage every part of the society, individual or group is arbitrarily engaged in fulfilling its own interests in this way. It is known that there is a lot of mutual conflict in it and the social balance soon deteriorates.
Fast speed of social change – When social change starts happening very fast, even then a stage of social disintegration arises. The reason for this is that along with these rapid changes it becomes necessary that the positions and functions of individuals and committees also change at a rapid pace accordingly. But it is not possible for every society and individual to change themselves so quickly and when they are not able to change themselves according to the changed conditions, then social disintegration starts.
Mr. Faris has mentioned eight symptoms of social disintegration which are as follows –
(1) formalism,
(2) the decline of sacred elements,
(3) individuality of interests and tastes,
(4) Emphasis on personal freedom and rights
(5) hedonic behaviour,
( 6) Population heterogeneity ,
( 7) mutual distrusts , and
( 8 ) unrest phenomena .
Types of Social Disorganization
The types of social disintegration can be divided into four major parts. This division is of no special importance, as a form cannot be completely separated. This classification has been done for the sake of simplicity only.
1. Individual Disorganization – Under this, personal problems such as teenage problems, child crime, other forms of crime, gender related crimes, prostitution, drinking, insanity and suicide etc.
2 . Family Disorganization – Under this family related disintegration such as indiscipline in the family, family tension, divorce, other marital problems etc.
3. Community Disorganization – By community disintegration, we mean those social disintegrations which are specifically related to the whole community. Examples of this are political corruption, crime, unemployment, poverty, discrimination and atrocities on religion and other grounds, commercial entertainment etc.
4. National – International Disorganization – It includes revolution, war, imperialism, totalitarianism etc. Disruptions arising in the country and abroad can be kept here.
